Totalitarian Government Essays - Social Science Fiction,

Totalitarian Government "Those who would trade their liberties for a little safety deserve neither liberty nor safety". That quote by Benjamin Franklin described mindset that leads to totalitarian government. The British novelist, George Orwell is known for his chilling governmental satire. Animal Farm, his other well-known novel is a look into the past, his novel 1984 was a eerie prophecy into the not so distant future. This view of a negative Utopia has become so well known that people who believe in his theory are called Orwellian. But do we exist in a manner similar to the prophecy of the world in which he claimed to be what life would be like in 1984? The answer is No, but in just a few years we could. Ironically one of the greatest differences in our society and the society of Orwell, is that in 1984, the gene which leads to sex has been suppressed. For In our society promiscuity and suggestiveness have gotten maybe not more common but certainly more public. When Orwell published 1984, this seemed to be a logical conclusion that such an event might happen. For in the Post- World War II, generation sex was expressly hidden. For example on television the Rock musician Elvis Presley was not shown below the hips because it was considered far too suggestive. In this aspect Our Society more resembles the other most famous novel of a negative utopia, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. However we do share some similarities. Part of the power base in 1984 has its power exclusively through the deception of the people. Winston for example accepts the"fact" that two plus two does in fact equal five. As we know, two plus two equals four. The most important way in which we can prevent turnining into an Orwellian society is to not be able to be misled. To prevent the society of which we live from becoming Orwellian we must stave off apathy. For it is a slippery slope and if we take the first step down it we could live in an Orwellian totalitarian state. Closing, we do not as of today live in the society, which Orwell predicted. We still maintain a level of personal freedom in the United States greater than that described in 1984. However other nations of this world, the Peoples Republic of China comes to mind, where they live in a semi-Orwellian world. Even though we tend to say "it can't happen here", it can. That's what they would have said in Germany in the twenties or Russia in the Pre-World War One era. It can happen here and it shall if we do not remember the lesson of the American President Thomas Jefferson "The Price of liberty is Eternal Vigilance".

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incredibly unique. â€Å"My daddy couldn’t be here, Because he lives so far away. But I know he wishes he could be, Since this is such a special day. And though you cannot meet him, I wanted you to know All about my daddy, And how much he loves me so. He loved to tell me stories He taught me how to ride my bike We used to share fudge sundaes, And ice cream in a cone. And though you cannot see him, I’m not standing here alone. â€Å"Cause my daddy’s... Free Essays on Comparing Free Essays on Comparing Her hair was up in a ponytail Her favorite dress tied with a bow. Today was daddy’s day at school, And she couldn’t wait to go But her mommy tried to tell her , That she probably should stay home. Why the kids might not understand, If she went to school alone. But she knew just what to say. What to tell her classmates Of why he wasn’t there today. But still her mother worried, For her to face this day alone. And that was why once again, She tried to keep her daughter home. But the little girl went to school, Eager to tell them all. About a dad she never sees A dad who never calls. There were daddies along the wall in back, For everyone to meet. Children squirming impatiently, Anxious in their seats. One by one the teacher called, A student from the class. To introduce their daddy, As seconds slowly passed. At last the teacher called her name, Every child turned to stare. Each of them was searching For a man who just wasn’t there. â€Å"where’s here daddy at?† She heard a boy call out. â€Å"she probably doesn’t have one† Another student dared to shout. And from somewhere near the back, She heard a daddy say, â€Å"Looks like another deadbeat dad, Too busy to waste his day.† The words did not offend her, As she smiled up at her mom. And looked back at her teacher, Who told her to go on. And with hands behind her back, Slowly she began to speak, And out from the mouth of the child, Came words incredibly unique. â€Å"My daddy couldn’t be here, Because he lives so far away. But I know he wishes he could be, Since this is such a special day. And though you cannot meet him, I wanted you to know All about my daddy, And how much he loves me so. He loved to tell me stories He taught me how to ride my bike We used to share fudge sundaes, And ice cream in a cone. And though you cannot see him, I’m not standing here alone. â€Å"Cause my daddy’s...

Conclusion to cctp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conclusion to cctp - Essay Example This plan also seeks to give all students technological instructions, as well as hands on material, for their future. Additionally, this technology plan will also educate the community, parents, and teachers to prepare them for the future with innovative skills that aid them to collaborate and have success in an evolving world. The CCTP system is dedicated to achieving education at a higher level through increasing access to technology for teachers and students. Through, drafting both technological and district plans, I believe we will be suited to implement goals, evaluate the success of change from technology integration, strategy assessment development, and give a continuous growth and improvement in education of our students. The use of technology in the classroom, however, has come with ethical issues that need to be considered. To handle these ethical issues will require the input of parents, the community, and the school administration. This will require students to learn internet safety and security that will certify the students benefit holistically from the Comprehensive Classroom Technology Plan. Finally, ensuring that the integrity of the students’ data is protected is essential for them to get the correct

Virtual Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Virtual Culture - Essay Example Our intertwined lives have made these Disney figures as much a part of our family as our own parents or siblings. Information technology has made our lives easier and more complex at the same time. Working professionals are on a 24/7 duty thanks to e-media (mobile and email). This has created the parental responsibility of parents even harder. In these difficult times, the virtual culture can serve a part of the parent's role by portraying the good and evil to the children and instilling the core cultural values in the children's minds. [4] The virtual culture created by the information age is apparent in our lives as well and especially for children. Since most of the virtual figures are projected towards children, it is they who get inspired and affected the most. Every child searches for the Harry Potter in his/her own life and become a part of that magical world. So it is now up to the creationists of the virtual cultures how to influence the children in shaping up their lives. As children gain easier access to information, the role of virtual culture will become ever so important in creating better leaders for tomorrow. [4] Each and everything in our lives can be segmented into either good or bad. Each thought will have two perspectives i.e. either it will be accepted or it will be rejected. Same is the case with newly establishing virtual culture. Conservatives may argument that each society has strong roots in its heritage and history that makes up the culture and traditions. For these conservatives, adopting the new way will be difficult and may even be dismissed as a totally not acceptable change. For these fundamentalists, cultural traditions will definitely be eroded from adopting the virtual culture. The values created by their ancestors that have built the culture will change and it will be considered as a bad change. [1] On the other hand, sociologists may argue that culture is an ever changing entity. Newer values and beliefs are entrenched each day in our lives which gradually changes that cultural tradition. For these theorists, change is a positive force and these changes enhance the cultural traditions. Change fosters progression and since the information revolution is already bringing the virtual culture to our boundaries, it only seems sensible to embrace the change with arms wide open. In these changing times, with children coming into contact with information more rapidly than most adults, the virtual culture can create the same values that twenty years ago our parents used to teach us. From this point of view, the application of virtual culture looks good. [1] What image of this country do US movies and television shows give to people abroad Hollywood is considered as the heart of the movie industry in the world. Movie standards are set according to American movies as they are considered as the benchmark for quality. Similarly American television and soaps are amongst the most watched in the whole world. So are these movies and TV shows watched because they portray the reality The answer to this question is 'No'. As with most products in the world, movies and TV programs only show things what the viewers want to see. This viewer oriented

Final exam ( very important to finish on time ) Essay - 1

Final exam ( very important to finish on time ) - Essay Example As an example, legacy applications are software designed and implemented in the previous decade and have limited functionality. At the same time, web applications use the latest programming techniques, gather inputs from a variety of sources and offer many new functionalities, features and modules (p. 16-17). Hence, the same approach of software engineering cannot be applied to them. Prototyping model is a part of the prescriptive process model and is a part of the evolutionary process model. In prototyping, the customer defines a general set of objectives for functions and features. The developer then uses these requirements as the basis, identifies the requirements and then creates a prototype model for the software that is further refined until the final product is ready (p. 43-44). The prototype model is used to develop applications used by a organizations in different sectors namely, banking, insurance, manufacturing and retail. As an example, banking applications have requirements such as registering the customer, assigning an account number for each customer and tracking their account related activities. On the other hand, a manufacturing firm produces a small range of products with a fixed number of parts. In this case, the prototype model must allow the organization to track each part, assist the marketing department in sales, aid the accounts departmen t to carry out billing and so on (p. 45). The Manifesto for Agile Development has the objective of finding better ways of developing software and it is based on four values (p. 65). However, some situations can arise that can vitiate the development procedure and create trouble for the software team. These possible situations are briefly discussed as follows. Individuals and interactions over processes and tools: Process and tools specify protocols and methods in which they

Strategic Marketing Management Sainsburys

Strategic Marketing Management Sainsburys Introduction J Sainsbury plc is a huge UK based food retailer with interest in financial services. Its chain of supermarkets has survived the challenges of competitive retail business since 1869, which makes it the longest standing major food retailing chain in UK. With the heritage of providing customers with healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food it has indeed come a long way from a small store from Drury lane to the current headquarter in Holborn, London. Currently it is serving over 18 million customers just in a week and have a market share of a staggering 16%. Along with its 502 supermarkets it has over the course of time diversified its business to 290 Sainsburys convenience stores, an internet-based home delivery shopping service and Sainsburys Bank. The internet-based home delivery shopping is available noticeably to about 88 percent of the UK households. They clearly identified five areas to focus on in order to maintain their superiority in the retail business which were a) Great food at fair prices b) Accelerating the growth of complementary non-food ranges c) Reaching more customers through additional channels d) Growing supermarket space e) Active property management. Situation Review In order to perform the situation review as a Marketing Consultant I have decided to conduct a SWOT analysis of J Sainsbury Plc. The reason behind my selection of SWOT analysis is that it has been used for a long time and is a trusted tool of strategic and marketing analysis. Its importance in reviewing the situation of a company is massive as it suggests ways in which the organisation can profit from strengths and opportunities and shield itself from weaknesses and threats (Adams, 2005). After the explanation of every SWOT elements of J Sainsbury Plc Ive also mentioned the likely effect of such elements to their competitive advantages and brand. However it is a method that has to be used very carefully because if not thought or investigated properly the results will not provide the actual picture. Strength There are several strengths of Sainsbury that needs be highlighted when performing a situation review which are analysed below: Sainsburys as a brand: Brand of Sainsburys stands it out amongst the crowd of other supermarkets. The goodwill that has been built over 140 years of service in its business is represented by its brand and that has several benefits like customer loyalty, brand familiarisation, increase and maintenance of customer belief etc. If Sainsburys want to increase its outlets the cost involved for advertisement for the local areas will be far less than that for a smaller organisation with a lesser known brand. Having such a strong brand is definitely continue to enhance its competitive advantage as other new competitors will have a hard time building up such a good brand as it needs a lot of time and effort. Use of effective Marketing Strategy: Sainsburys like any other large company has to use effective marketing strategy. It has been doing so very well and which is why it stood up the test of time. Sainsburys use of Jamie Oliver one of Britains most high profile chefs who famously launched campaigns regarding healthy eating in different sections of the community in its advertisements can be considered as a very good marketing move. It was like using a renowned dentist to promote toothpaste as it adds to the customers the trust for healthy food for good price. The positive effects of the campaign were apparent as shown in the growth of the sales in Sainsburys. With its effective marketing strategy Sainsbury is far likely to attract more customers and increase their competitiveness and enhancement of their already powerful and attractive brand. Human Resource Policy: There is equal opportunities policy in Sainsbury on different functions like recruitment, promotional, training and development etc. Their policy basically focuses on keeping their staff motivated and providing them with proper training. These kinds of policies have enhanced the reputation of Sainsbury as a very good employer. Having a good HR policy will only have positive results in terms of their competitiveness and brand as people will be more inclined towards joining with their team and most importantly staying with them. Conveniently located: Due to its huge network of outlets there is always a Sainsbury nearby. This is a very good advantage to have which backs up the effects of the brand. Even if Sainsbury had built up a good brand most people will be only be interested in going to buy groceries and daily necessities if there is a Sainsbury close by. Groceries and daily necessities are prime products of Sainsbury and in order to boost their sales location is of prime importance. Like I mentioned convenience is a key to a retailers success and its wide spread outlet helps them to provide customers with opportunity to stay loyal to them. Reliability and trust: Sainsbury have built up over the years, a sense of the trust and reliability among customers. Customers believe on Sainsbury that it would not compromise on health and safety issues. They also trust Sainsbury on providing very competitive prices for the products if not the cheapest. When there is trust among customers about your product and services they will continue to remain your customers. Extra care is taken by Sainsbury and this will in future continue to boost their image. Environment Friendly: Sainsbury has always been environmentally aware while performing its business. Some of Sainsburys efforts are mentioned below: It uses environment friendly till printers. It gave away eco-friendly loo rolls as promotional offers. It opened environment-friendly store in Dartmouth, Devon which was built with recycled materials and will help in reducing its energy bills. It signed a landmark deal that has enabled the creation of a new  £8 million wind project at Lochhead in Scotland, due to be completed in Summer 2009. The Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) means that Sainsburys will purchase energy direct from A7 Lochhead Ltd. for the next ten years. These efforts mean that customers will have in the back of their mind that Sainsbury is doing its part in the great cause of saving the environment. The reputation has been slowly building in this regard and will continue to grow further. Try something new today: Even by the slogan we can understand that there are a range of products available in similar categories. Sainsbury take every possible care to match the changing needs of the different cultures and communities with its products and on doing so provides multi choices to customers. For example, Frozen Chicken Tikka Masala (Indian dish), Chicken Dumplings (Chinese dish) etc found in Sainsbury. This strength of Sainsbury means that it will increase its customer base, retain its customer by spoiling them with choice and attract new suppliers as well, boosting its competitive advantage and brand name in the process. Weaknesses Lack of international expansion: Sainsbury has always been a brand that is famous only in Britain. It hasnt ventured into the international market that much as yet. In other words it has not been adventurous enough. Its main rival Tesco has been more successful in this regard than them which will hamper their growth and market domination. This weakness will definitely haunt them as with more international coverage its rival will be more powerful and have more flexibility which means theyll gain more competitive advantage and a better brand name. No self-service: In todays world time is money. The service should be up to the standard at the same time it should be time efficient. Due to which self-service system has proven to be very effective over the years. However, there are no self-service systems like self-checkout counters in most of the Sainsburys stores. Providing time efficient service in every way is a key to any companys success and Sainsbury has not fully integrated this theory in their practice which will have negative effects in their competitive advantage and brand. Implementation problem: There have been many such cases in Sainsbury where they have been found short on the implementation of the pre-determined plans. It can be considered as one of their major weakness. There is no point of planning if it were not be implemented. It will affect adversely to their morale and brand doing a world of good to that of their competitors. Opportunities Every organisation in order to survive and compete in a market has to keep a close eye on any opportunity of growth, expansion, diversification, merger etc. Opportunities are something if not grabbed at the right moment the value of it later will be significantly diminished or elapsed. On the current situation I have tried to categorise some of the opportunities that lay in front of J Sainsbury, which are as follows: Growth: Sainsbury has been involved in other projects as well like its investments in property, banking, environmental issues etc. These kinds of alternative business present great opportunities for future growth. Growth is vital for any companys competitiveness and for Sainsbury its no different. Suppliers and Partners: Food for Britain (FFB) is Sainsburys partner and supplier. FFB helps its clients access new opportunities abroad through a network of nine international offices, associates in developing markets and a range of London-based services. Maintaining a good supply chain will help Sainsbury to be cost effective and hence competitive. Technology: This is a modern age of technology where every company has to find ways to upgrade their services using technology. Sainsbury has had bad experiences for not planning technology better when they had to buy back  £1.8b worth of technology outsourcing deal with Accenture. However there are huge opportunities in front of Sainsbury in the future for further development in technology. Technology is one of the key aspects in todays IT age to stay competitive. Previously overlooked Market Segments: Ive mentioned earlier that Sainsbury has not ventured into many international markets. This thus provides it with great opportunities for future to go forward towards those markets which were not considered fruitful. Markets changes with the economy and previously overlooked markets need to be analysed now and then which might prove very helpful to edge ahead of your competitor. Social Patterns: Understanding of the changing social patterns is a challenge as well as opportunity for Sainsbury. Understanding the need of the current society is vital. Threats Threats are other external factor that needs to be give considerable attention in order better prepare the company to face them in a proper way. It is one of the major component on determining the companys performance and situation. There will definitely be some underlying threats for every kind of industry and the company must take appropriate measures to deal with them. Threats however cannot always be identified beforehand so awareness of the environment is the key. Some of both the underlying/imminent and possible threats of J Sainsburys are explained below: Entrance of new competitors: Sainsbury needs like any other company watch out for entrance of any new competitors. This is a serious threat and emerging competitions should be monitored. Too much environment friendly: Huge investments have made in environmental and green issues without immediate benefits. There is a threat of doing it a bit too much. Actually a balance has to be maintained and cost should be controlled to remain competitive. Technological Changes: Technology is changing all the time and it is a massive threat to Sainsbury as well. Expansion of Competitors: Expansion of its competitors like Tesco have to be monitored carefully as their expansion is a clear threat to Sainsburys market coverage. This threat if not addressed properly can harm gravely to the competitiveness of Sainsbury and its brand name as well. Foreign company takeover: We can say that Sainsbury represents the British people. It lacks of international expansion also means that most of their customers are British. However there was a takeover bid by the Qataris Private equity firm which can have serious implications as its customers who are predominantly British will gravitate towards other British companies at the prospect of Sainsburys being governed by a foreign firm. This is also a significant threat as it will diminish the competitive advantage and brand name built by Sainsbury on British people. Task-B Explanation of various marketing strategies and how they can be used by J Sainsbury Plc to achieve competitive advantages and long term growth. In order to fulfill the visions of a company by fulfilling the its goals a proper marketing strategy needs to be formulated. Marketing strategies are the corner stones upon which marketing plans can be based. Market strategies include a series of tactics to make a marketing plan more effective in order to achieve marketing goals. Marketing strategies amalgamates the organizations marketing goals, policies, and tactics into an effective unit. Markets change their nature and behaviour constantly so for marketing strategies to become successful it needs not only to be properly planned but should be dynamic and interactive. Types of strategies Marketing strategies need to be formulated as per the need of the market situation for any given company. However there are of ways of generalizing some of the common strategies. There are several general marketing strategies that have emerged of which some are presented below: 1. The strategies that are based on market dominance Here there are basically three types of market dominance strategies: Leader Challenger Follower 2. Innovation strategies This strategy basically goes for promoting new product development, cutting edge technology and business innovation. In this type of strategy there are three types: Pioneers Close followers Late followers 3. Growth strategies This scheme focuses more on growth of the company. Some ways of differentiating the strategies are as follows: Horizontal integration Vertical integration Diversification Intensification 4. Porter generic strategies Porters these strategies are the most commonly used strategies so needs to be discussed in detail. Michael Porter described the generic strategies as not firm or industry dependant but general. These strategies were initiated in the early 1980s, and till date it has been widely used. According to Porter for any company go generate profit the attractiveness of the industry itself may be the main factor however even if the industry is doing not very well the company can still make good returns if it holds a good position in the industry. In order to position itself properly in the industry the firm has to leverage its strengths. When these strengths are applied in either broad or narrow scope the following generic strategies are evolved: Cost leadership Differentiation Focus Further explatnation: Cost leadership: The motto of this type of strategy is to remain cost effective and gain competitive advantage though being able to produce at the lowest cost at a given quality level. With its low cost the company can benefit in two ways. One, it can obtain higher returns against its rival while selling at industrial average and two it can benefit from increased market share while selling below industrial average which it can do without making loss. There are many ways to achieve this kind of leadership some of which are mentioned below: Improving the efficiency of processing Research in obtaining cheaper raw materials Utilising the benefits of outsourcing Avoiding various leakages in cost controls. Differential Leadership: As its name suggest, this strategy tries to dominate the market by developing products and services which are different and at the same time also appreciated by customers more than other products and services available generally in the market. The customers are hence ready to pay some extra due to the uniqueness of the product. However it needs the following kinds of strengths to achieve success in this strategy: Able to invest in research and developments. Highly skilled manpower. Creativity and insight. Proper marketing tools and media. Goodwill in regards to quality and innovation. No close substitute of product/service available in the market. Focus Strategy: This strategy basically focuses on attempting to achieve either cost or differentiation advantage upon a narrow segment of market. The assumption behind this strategy is that when strategies are focussed on a narrow segment of market the actual needs of such a market can be addressed. It tries to achieve as much customer loyalty as it can in order to be competitive. The main drawback of this strategy is that it will lose its bargaining power with the suppliers while focussing on a narrow market and producing less. Other risks might be that a broad-market leader may influence its target market and as its market is limited there will be no flexibility or room for tackling such competitiveness. Having said that, if the focus strategy is based on differentiation advantage due to its uniqueness it will be able to maintain its competitiveness. In light of the marketing strategies propounded by Michael Porter, J Sainsbury Plc can use these strategies to gain competitive advantage and long term goals in the following ways: As the brand of Sainsbury is of such worth it can use differential strategy to invest in research and production of its own organic food, special diet food, environment friendly recycle bags and other products. Due to its huge coverage of market and large human resources it might be beneficial for them to use differential strategy like opening its own training institute for retailing, health and safety clinics etc. As close proximity of its stores is a major strength of Sainsbury it can use focus strategy to increase its sales. For example: opening special vegetarian oriented store in a community which is thickly populated with Gujrati people ( a tribe of Indian people who are mostly vegetarian). Due to its strong and long partnership with Food For Britain (FFB) and its operation in a broad scope with good purchasing power it can use cost leadership strategy and reduce its cost of purchase. Differential strategy can be used to promote its products as it already has goodwill as environmentally friendly retailer. With its possession of good HR system and career security it can use differential strategy and can acquire capable human resource at affordable price. Task-C Analysis of Current marketing environment for J Sainsbury Plc and Recommendations on how the marketing mix elements may be developed to contribute to enhance their goals and values. In order to comment on the marketing mix that can be developed by Sainsbury to contribute to enhance their goals and values Ive first analysed the current marketing environment of J Sainsbury Plc and then explained further about the marketing mix. Environment and its factors: Globalisation: With rapid increase in globalization Sainsbury like any other company has to face a lot of challenges. The basic challenge is to fight to off the competition to achieve best value for quality supply of its products. Opportunities like entering new markets via joint venture and partnerships etc also arise due to globalisation. The price fixing scandal: Sainsbury is one of the four retailers within the UK who are most likely to be affected by this scandal or allegation. Sainsbury has a strong presence in the market and possession of a good public image there is a serious threat of this being hampered by the recent allegations. Tax rate: Corporation Tax rate is fixed by the government in UK like any other country. It keeps on fluctuating generally upon the need of the industry. Currently UK government has changed the tax rate to 28% from 30%. A huge amount of tax is paid by a company like Sainsbury every year and this change of 2% is a massive cut in the tax rate which means there is more margin in profit. Cost of products prices: Food prices have risen dramatically since the increment in global food crisis resulting in the rise in Sainsburys costs. This will mean that the increased cost will be passed on to the customers and theyll have to pay more. Unpredictable fluctuations in the fuel costs also has made it even harder to plan and control the cost of production and delivery. The credit crunch: The mentioning of credit crunch while discussing about the current market situation has been an obligation recently. There are basically two ways in which itll affect Sainsburys. One getting finance has become so much difficult as the market has become almost dead and two credit crunch have decreased the purchasing power of consumers. This has created a sense of distrust and suspicion in the market. Sales of luxury items have gone down and even basic products are being bought less. Another section of Sainsbury that has been hit by this is its bank. The Sainsbury bank is not a very established bank and when even the big players in the banking systems are in trouble it has been really difficult time for Sainsburys bank. †¢ Nowadays there seems to be more emphasis on fresh, easy style cooking. This serves an opportunity for Sainsburys to encourage new recipes and unfussy The Internet sales: In order to stay competitive in todays market, internet sales is a phenomenon that has to function well. The Internet accounts for 8% of global advertising spend and is growing rapidly (The Economist, 2007). Sainsburys can further develop in this area. It can either develop itself or outsource the internet system to increase its sales. Marketing mix It is a commonly used marketing term probably the most famous one. It is also known as the Four Ps which are product, price, place and promotion. It is the combination of the elements of marketing and what roles each element plays in promoting your products and services and delivering those products and services to your customers. In short the marketing mix is a set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that work together to achieve companys objectives and goals. The elements of Marketing Mix and how they can be used by Sainsbury: Product: The product is the first element of marketing mix elements that needs to be explained. The products or services offered to your customer have physical attributes what they do, how they differ from your competitors and what benefits they provide to the customers. The product/service has to maintain quality, features, packaging, guarantees, and after-sales service. The basic objective of Sainsburys Supermarkets is stand as the leader of the pack when it comes to consumers choosing their food. They want to deliver products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working faster, simpler and together. For that their product has to be given top priority and only quality products will do for that reason. Environmental friendliness should also be considered while deciding on the product. Services like banking should be made efficient and easy to use. Price: Price is the second most important thing of marketing mix elements. How you price your product or service so that your price remains competitive but allows help to make a good profit. How price plays a role in your marketing strategy with respect to differentiating your products or services from your competitors. The pricing policy including discounts, allowances and credit policies. Your pricing should be based on a realistic assessment of all your costs and take into account what the market will bear and the image you are trying to create. To stay competitive, price should be competitive as well as it is a prime element in the marketing mix. If the price is either very high or very low in regards to its competitors the long term goals will be hindered. Place: Place may also be used in your marketing strategy to differentiate you from your competition in the market. Where your business sells its products or services and how it gets those products or services to your customers. By considering good locations, retailers, inventory implications, transport and warehousing you can reach close to your customers. It will obviously give you a competitive advantage. Place is another important factor that has to be considered by Sainsbury to achieve its long term goal. It has a huge number of outlets around UK and is in close proximity with its customers. It should however always look to build upon it more. Promotion: Promotion is used to communicate with the customers and express the features and benefits of your products/services to your target customers. Promotions may include advertising, personal selling, public relations, networking, web-based marketing etc. By doing this you will express your product and its features to the customers to attract them to by the products and it will be helpful to earn profit. Sainsbury has built up its image as a very good retailer in terms of its product quality, environmental friendliness, services etc. Partly its such success in creating such an image goes to its promotion and advertisements, like using Jamie Oliver in its advertisements. There are much rooms for improvements in that area as well. References: Lecture notes provided by our lecturer Dr. Roman Puchkov Mica R. Endsley, Daniel J. Garland, 2000, Theoretical Underpinnings of Situation Awareness, 2nd Edition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, NJ, 383pp. O Connor J and Galvin E, 1999, Marketing in the Digital Age, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall. Doyle P, 2001, Marketing Management and Strategy, Prentice Hall. Official website of Sainsbury, www. Sainsburys.co.uk

Julius Caesar - Summary Of Act I-v :: essays research papers

The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a play about loyalty, betrayal, love, and deception. There are many characters with fairly in-depth personalities. Some of the main characters are Cassius, the crafty, deceptive, witty man who is the leader of the conspiracy that killed Caesar. Brutus, the noble, honest, honorable man who is one of the key members of the conspiracy. There is also Antony, who is Caesar’s right hand man. He is shrewd and ruthless man, willing to do anything to get revenge for Caesar’s death. Act I is centered around introducing the play and some of its characters. The play opens around a crowd of people waiting for Caesar’s return after his victory over Pompey’s sons. As the parade marches by, a soothsayer bids Caesar to "beware the ides of March." Later in Act I, Cassius persuades the frightened Casca to join the conspiracy during a violent storm. They both plan to visit Brutus later with fake petitions to help persuade Brutus to join the conspiracy. Act II opens with Brutus contemplating whether to join the conspiracy or not when Lucius brings Brutus one of Cassius’s petitions. Cassius and five other conspirators enter. Brutus agrees to become a conspirator, but refuses to take and oath, including Cicero in the conspiracy, and killing Mark Antony. Brutus then leaves with Caius Ligarius for the Capitol. Later in the morning, Caesar’s wife, Calpurnia, begs Caesar not to go to the Capitol. He is finally persuaded to go by Decius. Mark Antony and the conspirators enter, and they all leave for the Capitol together. On the way, Artemidorus tries to warn Caesar of his impending death with a letter, which never makes it to Caesar. Portia sends her servant, Lucius, to the Capitol for news while she speaks with a soothsayer who will try to warn Caesar a second time. In Act III, Caesar, along with the conspirators, makes his way to the Capitol. The soothsayer and Artimedorus both try to warn Caesar to no avail. He is killed at the Capitol, stabbed first by Casca with the words "Speak, hands, for me!" All the conspirators except Brutus follow Casca’s lead and stab Caesar. Caesar tries to fend off all the blows until he sees Brutus’s raised dagger. Caesar dies after Brutus stabs him with the words, "Et tu, Brutè? Then fall, Caesar!" Brutus then explains the conspirators reasons for killing Caesar at his funeral. Julius Caesar - Summary Of Act I-v :: essays research papers The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a play about loyalty, betrayal, love, and deception. There are many characters with fairly in-depth personalities. Some of the main characters are Cassius, the crafty, deceptive, witty man who is the leader of the conspiracy that killed Caesar. Brutus, the noble, honest, honorable man who is one of the key members of the conspiracy. There is also Antony, who is Caesar’s right hand man. He is shrewd and ruthless man, willing to do anything to get revenge for Caesar’s death. Act I is centered around introducing the play and some of its characters. The play opens around a crowd of people waiting for Caesar’s return after his victory over Pompey’s sons. As the parade marches by, a soothsayer bids Caesar to "beware the ides of March." Later in Act I, Cassius persuades the frightened Casca to join the conspiracy during a violent storm. They both plan to visit Brutus later with fake petitions to help persuade Brutus to join the conspiracy. Act II opens with Brutus contemplating whether to join the conspiracy or not when Lucius brings Brutus one of Cassius’s petitions. Cassius and five other conspirators enter. Brutus agrees to become a conspirator, but refuses to take and oath, including Cicero in the conspiracy, and killing Mark Antony. Brutus then leaves with Caius Ligarius for the Capitol. Later in the morning, Caesar’s wife, Calpurnia, begs Caesar not to go to the Capitol. He is finally persuaded to go by Decius. Mark Antony and the conspirators enter, and they all leave for the Capitol together. On the way, Artemidorus tries to warn Caesar of his impending death with a letter, which never makes it to Caesar. Portia sends her servant, Lucius, to the Capitol for news while she speaks with a soothsayer who will try to warn Caesar a second time. In Act III, Caesar, along with the conspirators, makes his way to the Capitol. The soothsayer and Artimedorus both try to warn Caesar to no avail. He is killed at the Capitol, stabbed first by Casca with the words "Speak, hands, for me!" All the conspirators except Brutus follow Casca’s lead and stab Caesar. Caesar tries to fend off all the blows until he sees Brutus’s raised dagger. Caesar dies after Brutus stabs him with the words, "Et tu, Brutè? Then fall, Caesar!" Brutus then explains the conspirators reasons for killing Caesar at his funeral.

Delta: Management and Candidates Essay

Supplementary Handbook for tutors and candidates Introduction to Delta Module Three English Language Teaching Management (ELTM) may be regarded as commercially sensitive. Candidates may wish to anonymise the name of the selected language teaching operation in order to preserve confidentiality. Module Three (ELTM) is an alternative to the standard Module Three within the Delta course. It specifically aims to develop candidates’ knowledge of, and competence in: Candidates are advised to narrow down their selected ELTM specialism in order to research a specific aspect in appropriate depth; for example. Staff development within HRM, or Introducing a new course within academic management. a chosen ELT management specialism methods of situation analysis design of change proposals implementation of change proposals Overview of requirements Candidates’ work should demonstrate a sound grasp of general ELT management principles and how these relate to the work of an LTO, and specific principles related to their chosen ELT management specialism, as well as key principles of strategic management, organisational improvement and change management. To achieve these aims, candidates need to: †¢ research a chosen ELT Management specialism †¢ understand and use appropriate methods of situation analysis for the chosen specialism in a specified language teaching operation (LTO) †¢ design a change proposal to overcome issues identified in the analysis †¢ design an implementation plan for their change proposal †¢ synthesise all their learning into a project which can be coherently presented to a third party. Having considered the general principles and implications of the ELTM specialism and chosen topic area, candidates should carry out an independent situation analysis of the chosen specialism leading to the design of a change proposal relating to the area. Candidates should show how their proposal reflects the findings of the situation analysis and should consider how they would subsequently implement the proposed change bearing in mind the principles of change management. The full syllabus can be downloaded at http://www. cambridgeesol. org/exams/teac hing-awards/delta-modular. html The project will be reported in the form of an Extended Assignment (4,000-4,500 words, excluding appendices) and includes 5 parts: Module Three (ELTM) is assessed via an extended written assignment. Part Part 1 1,200 Situation analysis and commentary 1,000 Part 3 Proposal and justification 1,200 Part 4 Implementation 900 Part 5 academic management human resource management (HRM) customer service marketing Introduction: Review and key issues Part 2 Candidates must select one of the following specialisms:Length Conclusion 200 4,500 Candidates who select to do ELTM as their specialism for the Delta Module Three need to have access to a language teaching operation (LTO) e. g. a language school or institution. They also need to consider how they will have access to the data/information they will need in order to proceed with their proposal. For instance, if they are dealing with ‘Customer Service Management’, they will probably need to have access to customer feedback data, material which The total length may be between 4,000 and 4,500 words, but the proportion of words in each part should be approximately as indicated above, and must not exceed 4,500 in total. 1 Assignment outline and guidance for Candidates synthesised a number of different key sources, typically at least 5-6 in Part 1. †¢ Where two specialisms overlap, it is important that one specialism has the priority. So, for example, a candidate may choose Customer Service as a specialism and then design a proposal which includes some ideas related to Marketing. In this case Customer Service would be the specialism and this would be discussed in Part 1. †¢ See note on page 1 re advisability of narrowing down the selected ELTM specialism in order to research a specific aspect in appropriate depth. n? Part 1 Introduction Length: 1,200 words (plus or minus 10%) A brief rationale for choice of the ELTM specialism and review of the key issues. This will include a discriminating review of relevant literature and a consideration of general ELT management principles and how these relate to the work of an LTO, as well as specific principles related to their chosen ELT management specialism: academic management, human resource management, customer services or marketing). n? Part 2 Situation analysis and commentary Length: 1,000 words (plus or minus 10%) Guiding questions An explanation of how an aspect of the language teaching operation (LTO) was analysed, and how the results of this analysis were used to clarify the areas requiring attention in order to improve the current situation within the LTO. †¢ Why did you choose the ELTM option? Why did you choose this particular specialism? †¢ What theories and principles in the academic and professional ELT management literature have you found relevant, useful or  challenging? †¢ What ideas from observation and experience of LTOs have you drawn on? Guiding questions †¢ What is your educational context ? What are the main characteristics of the LTO, e. g. type of language teaching operation, size, purpose, local/national context etc.? †¢ How was the current situation analysed? What is the source of information? (e. g. was data collected by the LTO management or by yourself as part of your job? ) Why were these methods selected? (e. g. as part of institutional management routines, for compliance with accreditation requirements or as part of your own research? ) †¢ Who are the key stakeholders and what influence do they have? †¢ What were the results of the analysis of data? How did you use these results to clarify the focus of your proposal? Advice to candidates †¢ Candidates who choose this ELTM option should ideally have experience of working as an academic manager (such as programme manager, DoS/ADoS), or in a similar managerial role within an LTO. †¢ The context, background, problems, etc. of the specific LTO should not be discussed in Part 1. †¢ Candidates are expected to show understanding of the key issues related to ELTM and their chosen specialism using relevant terminology. †¢ Key issues should be critically discussed and supported with reference to reading and knowledge/experience gained from working in an LTO. †¢ It is recommended that candidates research their chosen specialism by doing relevant reading before planning/finalising Part 2 of the assignment. †¢ The review of the literature should go beyond simply finding one or two sources which describe the specialism, and should show that the candidate has read and Advice to candidates †¢ Candidates should briefly provide a reason for choosing this particular LTO, and give some brief information on their own role within it, if appropriate. †¢ Candidates need to provide a brief overview of the LTO but should avoid being overly descriptive. The purpose of Part 2 of the assignment is to analyse, not simply describe. 2 Guiding questions †¢ It is important that the analysis focuses in detail on a specific aspect of the working of the LTO in relation to the selected specialism rather than being a general analysis of the context. †¢ Candidates are expected to show awareness of principles of management data analysis (e. g. customer/stakeholder analysis). Terminology should be used and referenced to its sources. Understanding of these principles does not mean purely stating lists  of factors. Candidates need to show how awareness of these principles has influenced their choice of situation analysis procedures. †¢ Candidates are expected to choose appropriate tools/instruments to conduct their analysis. It is important to show which instruments have been used and why, and to provide examples of all instruments used in the appendix. Where many different instruments have been used, it is important to provide a summary of these in the appendix, preferably in a chart format for readers’ ease of access. †¢ It is also important to demonstrate clearly how analysis of these instruments has been conducted. Analysis of the tools used should be detailed and clearly indicate how priorities for improvement have been arrived at. A clear summary of the analysis, possibly in chart format in the appendix, should be provided, so as to show how the results have been synthesised. †¢ Candidates may make use of data which has already been gathered by others (within the LTO for example), but they would need to analyse or, if already analysed, critique this data themselves. †¢ The results of the analysis need to be highlighted here in Part 2 in brief, and then used to identify key priorities for improvement which feed into designing the  change proposal in Part 3. †¢ What priorities have you identified from the above situation analysis for improving the current situation in your educational context (LTO)? †¢ In what ways is your proposed change based on, or influenced by, your reading of relevant literature related to strategic management and organisational improvement? †¢ What are the institutional and educational aims and objectives you hope to achieve? How will the proposal improve the current situation in your LTO? †¢ What is the content of the proposed change? What are the expected outcomes? How will the proposal work in practice? †¢ What institutional requirements or other constraints have you taken into account? Advice to candidates †¢ It is essential that the change proposal is clearly influenced by the situation analysis from Part 2 of the assignment. †¢ Candidates are expected to show awareness of principles of strategic management and organisational improvement. Terminology should be used and referenced to its sources. Understanding of these principles does not mean purely stating lists of factors. Candidates need to show how awareness of these principles has influenced the design of the change proposal. †¢ The change proposal needs to clearly state the problems which are to be addressed and the aims and objectives of each component of the proposal. It should involve one specific focus rather than a range of smaller initiatives. †¢ The change proposal needs to be realistic and should acknowledge relevant institutional constraints, where appropriate. †¢ While tables or charts may be used to summarise the change proposal, sufficient prose is required to expand details and provide explanations. †¢ It is important for candidates to discuss their proposal from a management perspective and to avoid being too descriptive about the details of the proposed change (i. e.  if the topic is Introducing a new course, the focus should be on how this contributes strategically to the LTO rather than on curriculum theory). Part 3 Proposal and justification Length 1,200 words (plus or minus 10%) Discussion of the content and structure of the proposed changes in relation to the key issues and principles discussed in Part 1 and the priorities for improvement identified in the analysis in Part 2. 3 n? Part 4 Implementation intended outcomes and change management principles rather than simply describing the process. The link between the implementation plan and the change proposal is paramount. †¢ The implementation plan needs to be realistic and should acknowledge relevant institutional constraints where appropriate. †¢ It is important that candidates include some indication of how they intend to evaluate the outcomes of their implementation plan. Length: 900 words (plus or minus 10%) An explanation of how the proposed change will be implemented and why (with reference to the relevant literature) accompanied by a detailed action plan/operational plan, showing how the change will be put into practice. Guiding questions †¢ What approach to implementation will be used and why? How has your reading of  change management, decision-making, and/or project management influenced your choice of approach? †¢ What will be the impact of the proposed change on different stakeholders, internal and external? †¢ How exactly do you propose to implement your proposed change? †¢ How will people and resources be managed during the change process? †¢ In what ways, if any, are your choices of implementation constrained institutionally and contextually? †¢ How will you evaluate the outcomes of the implementation? n? Part 5 Conclusion Length: 200 words maximum Consideration of how the proposal is linked to the key issues outlined in the introduction. Guiding questions †¢ How has your proposal applied the principles you discussed in Part 1? †¢ What do you expect to be the benefits for the LTO of your proposal? †¢ What do you consider to be some of the limitations of your proposal? Advice to candidates †¢ In this section, candidates should summarise how the proposal and accompanying implementation plan will achieve the objectives identified for the LTO. †¢ This should not simply be a reiteration of everything that has been said in the assignment. Some indication should be given of the expected benefits of the proposal to the LTO and some of its limitations. †¢ It is important that all the parts of the assignment are linked and build on one another. Reference to the points made in the introduction are appropriate in this concluding section. †¢ Failure to include a conclusion will lead to the candidate losing marks for presentation and organisation. Advice to candidates †¢ Candidates are expected to show awareness of principles of change management, decision-making and/or project management. Terminology should be used and referenced to its sources. Understanding of these principles does not mean purely stating lists of factors. Candidates need to relate these factors to their choice of  implementation approach. †¢ The main emphasis in Part 4 of this assignment should be on outlining what will be done to implement the change proposal and how this will achieve the intended outcome. Change management principles should be used to justify the choices made rather than discussing these per se. †¢ It is important that candidates show, through use of a detailed operational/action plan, what actions need to be undertaken when, how and by whom in order to implement the proposed change, and that it is clear how each action leads to an intended outcome. †¢ Candidates must provide a clear rationale for their implementation plan in terms of 4 n? Appendices advised to develop and make explicit their approach to the module. It may be that a whole group chooses the same specialism, e. g. Human Resource Management’, in which case the same input can be provided for all candidates. If a range of specialisms is chosen, then input may be given by tutors with some expertise in the topic area. The purpose of appendices is to provide both supporting evidence and explanatory materials to help the reader make sense of the assignment. Appendices to be attached to main body of assignment †¢ Situation analysis results †¢ Implementation plan  Candidates may wish to register at a centre and receive individual advice and support. In this case, they should advise centres of their specialism, ensure that the centre where they are registered is able to provide this for the ELTM option and check the centre’s arrangements for this provision. Appendices to be attached as a separate document †¢ A completed sample of all analyses used Advice to candidates †¢ The summaries of the situation analysis results and the implementation plan should be attached as appendices to the main body of the assignment (and labelled Appendix 1: Situation Analysis Results; Appendix 2 Implementation Plan). †¢ All other appendices, e. g. samples of analysis instruments and other relevant documentation should be submitted as a separate document. †¢ Appendices should be numbered and included in the contents pages. They should also state what they contain, e. g. Appendix 3: Situation Analysis Instruments; Appendix 4: Suggested Marketing Brochure, etc. †¢ Candidates are not required to include copies of all completed instruments from all participants in the data analysis, but they should include single completed samples. Similarly, candidates are expected to include samples of any relevant documents which  support the change proposal. For the ELTM Extended Assignment, candidates need to have a breadth and depth of knowledge and awareness of issues related to ELT Management. For this reason, it is important that candidates read widely before starting the assignment. Candidates should also read and be familiar with the key principles and issues in the following areas: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ management data analysis strategic management and organisational improvement change management project management n? Choice of topic for the assignment The focus of the assignment will be on ELT Management. It is the prerogative of the centre to  decide if they are able/willing to supervise this ELTM option. Candidates will also need to have access to an LTO and data relating to the area chosen as a focus for the assignment so that Parts 2-4 of the assignment can be completed. They will need to consider their own role within the LTO carefully before choosing this ELTM option and before deciding on the specific focus of their specialism. Candidates’ status within an LTO determines their access to information and, for candidates already in a management role, the scope of their responsibilities and limits to their authority. For instance, even someone at middle management  level, such as an academic manager, (e. g. Director of Studies (DoS)), may have little or no influence over organisational structure or HRM policies, while the language teaching operation (LTO) itself Guidance for tutors and candidates General advice Candidates are not required to follow a course to prepare for the Delta Module Three ELTM Extended Assignment. However, candidates who do receive support from their centres will benefit from having a structured approach to their preparation for this assignment. Such support may be in the form of a course, individual/group tutorials, or online packages, and may be provided in parallel with, or separately from, Delta Modules One and Two. Where the ELTM Extended Assignment is supervised as part of a course, each centre is 5 may be constrained by compliance with accreditation or legislative requirements. †¢ Candidates should ensure that the file size does not exceed 10MB. It is especially important that the file containing appendices is not too large as this may cause problems for online uploading and downloading of assignments. Candidates must choose from the list of four specialisms provided. If a candidate wishes to focus on a specialist area not included in the list, the centre may contact the Cambridge ESOL Helpdesk for advice: ESOLHelpdesk@CambridgeESOL. org †¢ Candidates are expected to proof their assignments for presentation and language errors. †¢ The title page should contain details of centre and candidate number, ELTM specialism and topic chosen and the word count. †¢ A contents page listing headings/sub-headings and including page numbers should be provided immediately after the cover page. †¢ Pages should be numbered by using the ‘insert page number’ function in Word. †¢ A running footer should be inserted with candidate name and assignment title. †¢ Headings should be used for sections in the body of the assignment. Sub-headings should be used where appropriate for sub-sections. †¢ The word limit is very important as it provides a form of standardisation for the assignment. Candidates should therefore plan their assignment to cover the criteria within the word limit. Assignments which exceed the word limit will be penalised during marking. Assignments more than 100 words over-length will be returned to candidates unmarked. The Suggested word limits for each section will help candidates organise themselves accordingly. Candidates should use the ‘word count’ function in ‘Word’ (by highlighting all their text between the end of the contents  pages and the start of the bibliography section) to monitor the number of words, and they are advised to note that examiners will automatically check all word counts before marking. (The version of Word used to check the word count should be indicated with the word count on the front cover of the assignment. ) †¢ Footnotes should not be used at all for this assignment. All references and terminology are to be included in the text, and count towards the overall word limit. †¢ Summaries of key data, (e. g. charts which summarise the situation analysis results, overview of the implementation plan, etc. ) may be included  in the text itself for readers’ ease of reference, but further detail, (e. g. questionnaires, analysis of specific instruments used etc. ) should be put into the appendix. n? Staging and planning It is recommended that candidates be advised to address the various stages of the assignment separately, and that a study plan be drawn up so that candidates clearly carry out the necessary background work for each stage before moving on to the subsequent stage. Tutorials may be built into this planning to provide more structured guidance. n? Presentation of the assignment Advice to candidates †¢ The assignment is to be submitted electronically as two (and no more than two) documents with 2. 50 cm margins †¢ The first document should be submitted as a Word (. doc) document and entitled as follows: centre number_candidate number_surname_Delta3_ELTM_month year. doc e. g. 11111_001_smith_Delta3_ELTM_1211. doc The collation of situation analysis results and the implementation plan should be included as appendices in this document. This is to help markers locate essential information and to ensure that all original work is included in any plagiarism check. †¢ The second document may be submitted as a word document or as a pdf. It should be  entitled as follows; centre number_candidate number_surname_Delta3_appendices_ month year. doc or . pdf e. g. 11111_001_smith_Delta3_appendices_1211 .doc (. pdf) Samples of customer/stakeholder analysis instruments should be scanned electronically and included in the second document. 6 n? Reading, bibliography and referencing Edited book: Advice to candidates Bush, T. & Bell, L. (Eds. ) (2002). Educational Management: Principles and Practice. London: Paul Chapman. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Candidates should refer to an extensive range of reading resources. There should be explicit evidence of background reading in  all of the first four sections of the assignment. This will typically include four to six different sources for each section. Some sources may be referred to in more than one section of the assignment but overall reference should be made to at least 8-10 different sources. Candidates are expected to do appropriate research into: ELT Management and their chosen specialism; management data analysis, (e. g. customer/stakeholder analysis); strategic management; organisational improvement; change management and decision-making. Appropriate terminology should be used and sources referred to where necessary. These should be clearly referenced in the text, (e. g. White et al. 1991). If specific quotes are used, they should be referenced using author(s)’ surname(s), year of publication and page numbers quoted (e. g. Fullan 2001:98). Page numbers are not required if direct quotes are not used. The bibliography needs to be presented appropriately in alphabetical order of author’s surname (see examples below). Year of publication, city and publisher should be included. This should be presented after the body of the assignment and before the appendices, and should only include publications referred to in the text itself. The second line of each bibliography entry should be indented. Referencing should follow a recognised format throughout the assignment. It is recommended that this be done according to the APA Publication Manual, (5th ed. , 2001); for more information see www. apastyle. org. Examples of several references are given below. Section of edited book: Stoll, L. (2003). School culture and improvement. In M. Preedy, R. Glatter & C. Wise (Eds. ) Strategic Leadership and Educational Improvement (pp 92-108). London: Paul Chapman. Electronic source: British Educational Research Association. (1992). Ethical Guidelines. Retrieved 19 July, 2011, from: http://www. bera. ac. uk/guidelines. html Associations and corporate authors: American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed. ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Note on plagiarism Plagiarised work will not be accepted. Candidates should be advised on what constitutes plagiarism and how to avoid it. Centres should advise candidates that assignments are checked electronically for plagiarism and that plagiarism will be penalised. Plagiarism checks include checks against previously submitted assignments  as well as assignments or parts of assignments which include passages copied from online resources or books. Plagiarism includes: †¢ copying another’s language or ideas as if they were your own †¢ unauthorised collusion †¢ quoting directly without making it clear by standard referencing and the use of quotation marks and/or layout, (e. g. indented paragraphs) that you are doing so †¢ using text downloaded from the internet without referencing the source conventionally †¢ closely paraphrasing a text †¢ submitting work which has been undertaken wholly or in part by someone else. Single author book: Mintzberg, H. (2001). Strategic Safari. Eaglewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Centres should inform candidates that submission of assignments which have been plagiarised will lead to the candidate’s disqualification and a ban on re-entry of up to three years. Journal article: Srikathan, G. & Dalrymple, J. (2003). Developing alternative perspectives for quality in higher education. International Journal of Educational Management 17(3), 126-136. 7 Assessment Presentation and organisation – maximum 14 marks n? The Module Three ELTM Extended Assignment is assessed with reference to a detailed Mark Scheme which allocates marks for  the five assessment categories, each of which is divided into three sub-categories. The total number of marks available is 140, divided as follows: †¢ Academic writing, language and referencing †¢ Presentation, coherence and organisation †¢ Clarity of argument and quality of ideas n? Marking A Principal Examiner guides and monitors the marking process. The process begins with coordination procedures, whereby the Principal Examiner and a team of examiners establish a common standard of assessment through the selection and marking of sample assignments. These are chosen to represent a range of performance across the different ELTM specialisms selected for this assignment. During marking, each examiner is apportioned randomly chosen assignments. A rigorous process of coordination and checking is carried out before, during and after the marking process. Grasp of relevant issues for ELTM maximum 35 marks n? †¢ Review of the relevant general and ELT management literature †¢ Understanding of key issues in the chosen specialism †¢ Application of relevant management knowledge to practice and identification of key issues Situation analysis and commentary maximum 28 marks n? n? Grading †¢ Understanding and application of key principles of management data analysis †¢ Analysis of the instruments used and identification of areas for improvement †¢ Discussion and justification of prioritised areas for improvement in the LTO supported by the analysis Results are recorded as three passing grades (Pass with Distinction, Pass with Merit, Pass) and one failing grade (Fail). The marks required to obtain each grade are: Pass approximately 80 marks Pass with Merit approximately 100 marks Proposal and justification – maximum 35 marks Pass with Distinction approximately 120 marks †¢ Understanding and application of key principles of strategic management and organisational improvement †¢ Justification of the change proposal in terms of ELTM and identified requirements †¢ Specification of the change and its intended effects, and of managing institutional constraints At the end of the marking process, there is a grading meeting to check scores around the grade boundaries. The grade boundaries are set in a way that ensures that the level of knowledge required to obtain the three passing grades: n? n? †¢ is consistent with the grade descriptions on page 9 of this handbook †¢ is the same from one session to the next. Implementation – maximum 28 marks The following information is used in the grading: †¢ Understanding and application of key principles of change management and decision-making †¢ Justification of implementation procedures in terms of ELTM and identified needs †¢ Designing an implementation plan and thinking through its impact on stakeholders †¢ comparison with statistics from previous years’ examination performance and candidature †¢ recommendations of examiners, based on the performance of candidates. 8 Grade descriptions Pass with Distinction Excellent piece of work which shows a very high level of understanding, analysis and application, and which displays originality and critical insight. Very high standard in all of the following areas: †¢ Understanding of: the selected specialism; principles of situation analysis; principles of change management; principles of decision-making †¢ Analysis of key issues in the topic area and the LTO; justification of the change proposal and implementation plan †¢ Identification of key priorities for change; design of implementation plan †¢ Academic writing, presentation and organisation, clarity of argument and quality of ideas. Pass with Merit Very good piece of work which shows a high level of understanding, analysis and application, and which displays some originality and critical insight. High standard in most of the following areas, but with some room for improvement: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Understanding of: the selected specialism; principles of situation analysis; principles of change management; principles of decision-making Analysis of key issues in the topic area and the LTO; justification of the change proposal and implementation plan Identification of key priorities for change; design of implementation plan Academic writing, presentation and organisation, clarity of argument and quality of ideas. Pass Satisfactory piece of work which shows an acceptable level of understanding, analysis and application, and which meets the requirements of the assignment. Good standard in some areas, but some room for improvement in most of the following areas: †¢ Understanding of: the selected specialism; principles of situation analysis; principles of change management; principles of decision-making †¢ Analysis of key issues in the topic area and the LTO; justification of the change proposal and implementation plan †¢ Identification of key priorities for change; design of implementation plan †¢ Academic writing, presentation and organisation, clarity of argument and quality of ideas. Fail Inadequate piece of work which fails to show an acceptable level of understanding, analysis and application. Substantial room for improvement in some or all of the following areas: †¢ Understanding of: the selected specialism; principles of situation analysis; principles of change management; principles of decision-making †¢ Analysis of key issues in the topic area and the LTO; justification of the change proposal and implementation plan †¢ Identification of key priorities for change; design of implementation plan †¢ Academic writing, presentation and organisation, clarity of argument and quality of ideas. 9 Cambridge English Teaching Qualificationds Delta Supplementary Handbook for tutors and candidates Cambridge English Teaching Qualifications Teaching Qualifications University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations 1 Hills Road Cambridge CB1 2EU United Kingdom Tel: +44 1223 553997 Email: ESOLhelpdesk@CambridgeESOL. org www. CambridgeESOL. org  © UCLES 2011 | EMC/7861/1Y07

Death of a Salesman1 essays

Death of a Salesman1 essays Do we have the ability to control our destiny? The truth is this, one can set their goals and try to attain them and one can dreams their dreams and try to live them but the difference must be known. The character Willy Loman, in the play Death of A Salesman, seems to be a person who is not aware of the difference in reality and dreams. Willys choices throughout his life undeniably lead to his own demise. Willy Loman is a tragic hero. His fear is that he wants to be viewed as a good, decent human being. He wants to believe that hes a well-liked, decent person who doesnt make mistakes. The truth is that he makes mistakes, many that haunt him, and that he is human. Willy does not consider this normal and severely regrets such failures such as raising his children poorly, as he sees it, not doing well in business, though he wishes he were, and cheating on his wife Linda, showing her to be a commodity of which he takes advantage. Linda has a true, pure love for her husband. Linda stands behind him through it all, through his dreams and broken promises, she still believes in him. "The quality in such plays that does shake us... derives from the underlying fear of being displaced, the disaster inherent in being torn away from our chosen image of what and who we are in the world" (Miller, "Tragedy..."). Willys "underlying fear of being displaced" is the real tragedy. He wants to do things right, but the fact is he has many incidences that haunt him. Consistently throughout the play, Willy drifts in and out of a dream. He is constantly haunted by memories of his dead brother Ben who struck it rich the jungle. He also has flashbacks of incidents that haunt him in other areas. For example, the sequence in which Biff catches Willy with a woman other than Linda. This haunts Willy because he sees it as part of why Biff does not love him. "Tragedy then is the consequence of a mans total compulsi...

If Sentences for ESL Learners

If Sentences for ESL Learners English learners should learn if sentences, also known as conditional forms, in order to discuss various possibilities that are either realistic or imaginary. Follow the introduction below, you will find a grammar overview and explanation for each tense. Once you are familiar with these forms, use the referenced materials to practice and further your understanding of these forms. Teachers can print out the comprehension materials related to the materials, as well as the suggested lesson plans with point-by-point instructions on how to teach the conditional  forms in class. The Basics: What Are If Sentences? If sentences are used to discuss things that happen based on the condition that something else happens. There are three main types of if sentences. Use an if sentence in the first conditional to consider real, possible events in the present or future: If it rains, Ill take an umbrella. Use an if sentences in the second conditional to speculate about unreal, improbable events in the present moment or future: If I had a million dollars, Id buy a big house. An if sentence in the third conditional concerns imaginary (unreal) outcomes of past events: If he had spent more time studying, he would have passed the exam. If Sentence Forms Overview: If Sentence # 1 First Conditional If S present simple objects, S will verb objects- If the boys finish their homework early, they will play baseball. If Sentence # 2 Second Conditional If S past simple objects, S would verb objects- If he bought a new car, he would buy a Ford. If Sentence # 3 Third Conditional If S past perfect objects, S would have past participle objects- If she had seen him, she would have discussed the issues with him. Study If Sentences In Depth: Here is a detailed guide to all conditional forms with examples, important exceptions to the rules and a structured guide. The alternate guide provides options for advanced level learners. Finally, this guide to choosing between the first or second conditional provides further help on deciding whether to use the real or unreal conditional. Test Your Understanding of If Sentences: Once youve studied the rules - or if you already know the rules - test your knowledge: Conditional Forms Quiz For advanced level learners here is a reading dialogue comprehension exercise that focuses on using the third conditional. Teach a Lesson about If Sentences: This first and second conditional forms lesson employs reading comprehension about emergencies to help students discover and review the forms. Once students are comfortable with the form, they discuss other difficult or unusual situations using the first and second conditional This conditionals tic-tac-toe is a great game to help students review all three if sentence forms. Finally, here is a printable conditional form quiz to use in class. If Sentence Activities: Practice if sentences with grammar chants. Using chants, you and your classes can practice the structure so that it becomes natural and easy to remember.

Executive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Executive Summary - Essay Example in the business, assess the competitors and the competitive advantage, the financial plans and projections and offer a Mission /Vision Statement that determines the success of this business. For the music industry to thrive well and secure a large market segment, it must identify itself with a tumultuous and high velocity market because of the nature of its products. In order to avail music to everyone at considerate prices, one must identify the target market and the type of music required. Jazz music originated from America, and stems from the Atlantic slave trade whereby Africans were shifted into United States. The Africans had a strong passion for traditional music and thy developed their own Jazz music. They had exceptional rhythm and used various instruments that helped them create the Jazz music, for instance, piano, and violin among others (Roberts 64). In most cases, Jazz music is played I whilst drinking and dancing. Even though, most people have a desire to join Jazz music industry, there are a lot of discouragements along the way. For instance, it is pretty expensive to hire a producer or even produce and launch music. For this reason, most people end up burying their talents. This is the reason that I plan to launch a music production center in order to cater and fight with such challenges. I plan to run the Music production center with my family in order to get both financial and moral support from them. The business shall exclusively deal in production of Jazz industry, because this is the only music that does not required a lot of expertise in creating and producing. Also, the technology used is accessible at considerable amounts (Roberts 64). Within this Production center, I plan to set up a small restaurant where people will enjoy the music and delicious food. Most of the foods in the restaurant shall be Japanese traditional foods as these mints well with the Jazz music. The central aspect of the services offered will be based on the blending

Weight Loss Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Weight Loss Programs - Essay Example t quickly, but, as seen in many follow up studies on a diet’s success rate, the long-term results are further weight gain and possible health side effects. In essence, the very word ‘diet’ implies a short-term effort rather than a long-term commitment. In this case, the program that will be discussed today should not be thought of as a diet, but a lifestyle plan that is easy to follow, realistic in its requirements and expectations, and accessible to all people regardless of their income levels. The program is the Zone Diet. This program is in the category of â€Å"right-food-combination† diets that base their eating plan on the belief that, in certain healthy combinations, the body will lose extra fat and return to a health body weight (Nathan & Delahanty, 150). The Zone Diet, created by Dr. Barry Sears, was introduced in 1995. Dr. Sears is a certified biochemist who argues that people gain weight due to unstable blood sugar levels and hormonal imbalances. The type of food and the quantities in which we eat certain foods contribute significantly to these issues. Unlike other low-carbohydrate diets, the Zone Diet is not as restrictive as the Atkin diet that prohibits the consumption of carbohydrates. Our body needs carbohydrates like our cars need gasoline; carbohydrates are the fuel for our bodies that provide us energy. However, what Dr. Sears highlights is that people’s daily diets are too high in carbohydrates, which is causing weight gain. The best example for why we keep gaining weig ht is to compare our high-carbohydrate diets to the high-carbohydrate diets of livestock. Cows fed on a diet rich in grass, food they are meant to eat, stay relatively thin; however, cows fed on a diet rich in carbohydrates, such as corn, become much fatter and in a shorter amount of time (DrSears.com). This example clearly demonstrates that, if consuming the proper foods in the proper quantities, all living things will return to and remain at a health body